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Chapter One: Changing Stories
Changing Stories assembles a variety of evidence for a group-based picture of human beginnings. Cross-cultural comparisons remind us that most babies around the world, and through history, have grown up within groups of kith and kin, not home-alone with a mother. Primate research aligns human beings with ‘cooperative breeders,’ suggesting our brains grew big to deal with the dynamics in complex groups. And anthropologists suggest the first humans lived in tribal bands. Hence, what human babies will most have needed to thrive during human evolution is the capacity effectively to integrate into a group of companions. The chapter suggests three reasons why this conclusion has so far escaped scientific scrutiny: a supposition that babies need to develop certain concepts before they can act socially; an assumption that babies only require a single ‘attachment’ to get them through their early life; and the idea that infant sociability results from moulding by adults.